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The Brazilian campos rupestres, a known hotspot of biodiversity, is an ecoregion that suffers from long periods of drought. Plants that thrive in this environment have evolved different strategies to cope with hydric stress, notably those from the Velloziacea family. In order to understand mechanisms involved in different strategies associated with the perception of drought stress, we selected two hallmark species from the Vellozia genus: V. nivea, which is desiccant-tolerant, and V. intermedia, an evergreen plant. To explore the molecular landscape of these phenotypes, we decided to study and characterize in each species the OSCA channels, which are mechanosensitive channels responsible for the [Ca2+]i increase induced by osmotic stress in plants. Differences in OSCA family composition could indicate that different drought tolerance strategies emanate from drought perception. The conserved OSCA domain (PF02714) was extracted from the Pfam database to create a hidden Markov model profile and scanned against our protein dataset for each species using HMMER. All sequences found were manually curated using InterProScan to confirm the presence of the PF02714 domain. We found 18 proteins encoded by 16 genes in V. intermedia and 16 proteins encoded by 15 genes in V. nivea. After the OSCA channels are distributed among four different clades, to classify the OSCAs sequences we found in the previous step, we tested and selected an evolutionary model and constructed a phylogenetic tree with our sequences and the sequences classified as OSCAs for Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, and Oryza sativa using the IQ-TREE. According to this approach, both V. nivea and V. intermedia have five genes encoding OSCA1 proteins, seven genes encoding OSCA2, two genes encoding OSCA3, but with respect to OSCA4, while V. nivea has one gene, V. intermedia has two. By applying state-of-the-art comparative genomics strategies, we were able to trace the evolutionary path of this gene family across the studied species and identify the points of origin of the OSCA family, especially those belonging to clades 1 and 2. Deciphering the genomic composition of the OSCA family can provide new insights into how wild plants respond to drought, which is a hot topic in a world where climate change is pushing the environment towards increasingly hostile conditions for crops.

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1	Mariana Cavalheiro(cavalheiromf@gmail.com)
2	Lucas Canesin(lucascanesin@gmail.com)
3	Diego Riaño-Pachón(diego.riano@cena.usp.br)
4	Paulo Arruda(parruda@unicamp.br,)
5	Ricardo Dante(ricardo.dante@embrapa.br)
6	Isabel Gerhardt(isabel.gerhardt@embrapa.br)

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