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Convergent evolution is a phenomenon in which unrelated species independently evolve similar adaptations yielding similar phenotype, such as the echolocation system of bats and cetaceans, and the ability of flight in insects and birds. At a molecular level, in silico comparisons of biochemical pathways predicted in the genomes of numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic species revealed incomplete or even absent catalytic activities. In several instances, “missing” enzymes were replaced by functional equivalent molecules, able to catalyze the same reaction but exhibiting virtually no similarity in their amino acid chains. These non-homologous isofunctional molecules, known as analogous enzymes, arose from independent evolutionary events, converging towards the same biological function in both related or unrelated phylogenetic lineages, displaying distinct catalytic mechanisms, and/or fold topologies and three dimensional structures. In this work, we demonstrate the relevance of evolutionary convergence processes in enzymatic activities, highlighting the role of analogous enzymes in the metabolism of living beings. Based on the identification of the repertoire of homologous and non-homologous isofunctional enzymes encoded in the genomes of organisms representatives of the three domains of life, and the determination of their phylogenetic profiles, we show that genes encoding analogous enzymes might behave similarly to Mendelian allele genes in a population and the enzymatic activities performed by the product of these genes might be understood as Darwinian evolutionary units.

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1	Fernanda Oliveira(nandacr93@gmail.com,)
2	Fernando Valín(fernandogav@gmail.com)
3	Antonio Miranda(antonio.basiliodemiranda@gmail.com)
4	Marcos Catanho(mcatanho@gmail.com)
5	Ana Carolina Guimarães(acarol.guimaraes@gmail.com)

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