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Crop legumes are remarkable for their importance in human and animal nutrition, biofuel and industry applications. The large-scale production of some legumes, particularly soybean, largely benefits from their prominent symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the major crop legume world wide. It has a paleopolyploid genome that was shaped by two whole genome duplications (WGDs) that occurred 59 and 13 million years ago. As a result, 75% of the soybean genes belong to multigene families. Soybean seeds store significant amounts of protein and oil. Oil content is a quantitative trait that is significantly determined by genetic and environmental factors, challenging the identification of key genes. Although the biochemical and genetic basis of lipid metabolism is clear in Arabidopsis - a model organism, there is limited information in knowledge of lipid metabolism in soybean. To address this issue, we systematically screened the predicted proteomes of 30 leguminous species. We found 48,869 orthologous groups (OGs) using Orthofinder. We used the R package Cogeqc to assess the homogeneity of the OGs when compared with gene superfamilies (50.31%) and OGs from the Plaza database (50.33%). These results were used to estimate OG sizes using a gene birth-death model available in CAFE 5. We identified 15,494 significantly expanded/contracted OGs(p<0.05) . Within these OGs, we found 523 genes related to lipid metabolism in soybean, 12 of which with unknown functions. As a preliminary result we observe that these genes are distributed in three OGs: OG0015097 (02), OG0000966 (01) and OG0000247 (09), enriched from InterProt as a small subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase-like (SPT-like), fatty-acid desaturase domain and O-acyltransferase, respectively. Investigating the two genes from OG0015097, we found that SPT-like catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. In addition to providing structural integrity to plant membranes, sphingolipids contribute to Golgi trafficking, protein organizational domains in the plasma membrane and regulation of cellular processes. We also used our published Soybean Expression Atlas (https://venanciogroup.uenf.br/cgi-bin/gmax_atlas/index.cgi) to investigate the transcription profiles of these genes. The integration of legume OGs significantly expanded on the number of members, protein domain information, gene expression data and gene structural inference assist to infer possible functions for duplicated genes in soybean.

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1	Dayana Turquetti-Moraes(daykturquetti@gmail.com)
2	Cláudio Cardoso-Silva(Dummy_email@email.com)
3	Fabricio Almeida-Silva(fabricio_almeidasilva@hotmail.com)
4	Thiago Venâncio(tmvenancio@uenf.br)

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1	Emms, D. M., & Kelly, S. (2015). OrthoFinder: solving fundamental biases in whole genome comparisons dramatically improves orthogroup inference accuracy. Genome Biology, 16(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0721-2 Liu, N. J., Hou, L. P., Bao, J. J., Wang, L. J., & Chen, X. Y. (2021). Sphingolipid metabolism, transport, and functions in plants: Recent progress and future perspectives. Plant Communications, 2(5), 100214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100214 Machado, F. B., Moharana, K. C., Almeida‐Silva, F., Gazara, R. K., Pedrosa‐Silva, F., Coelho, F. S., Grativol, C., & Venancio, T. M. (2020). Systematic analysis of 1,298 RNA‐Seq samples and construction of a comprehensive soybean ( Glycine max ) expression atlas. The Plant Journal, tpj.14850. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14850 Mendes, F. K., Vanderpool, D., Fulton, B., & Hahn, M. W. (2020). CAFE 5 models variation in evolutionary rates among gene families. Bioinformatics, 36(22–23), 5516–5518. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1022 Mitchell, A. L., Attwood, T. K., Babbitt, P. C., Blum, M., Bork, P., Bridge, A., Brown, S. D., Chang, H.-Y., El-Gebali, S., Fraser, M. I., Gough, J., Haft, D. R., Huang, H., Letunic, I., Lopez, R., Luciani, A., Madeira, F., Marchler-Bauer, A., Mi, H., ... Finn, R. D. (2019). InterPro in 2019: improving coverage, classification and access to protein sequence annotations. Nucleic Acids Research, 47(D1), D351–D360. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky1100 Schmutz, J., Cannon, S. B., Schlueter, J., Ma, J., Mitros, T., Nelson, W., Hyten, D. L., Song, Q., Thelen, J. J., Cheng, J., Xu, D., Hellsten, U., May, G. D., Yu, Y., Sakurai, T., Umezawa, T., Bhattacharyya, M. K., Sandhu, D., Valliyodan, B., ... Jackson, S. A. (2010). Genome sequence of the palaeopolyploid soybean. Nature, 463(7278), 178–183. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08670 Van Bel, M., Silvestri, F., Weitz, E. M., Kreft, L., Botzki, A., Coppens, F., & Vandepoele, K. (2022). PLAZA 5.0: extending the scope and power of comparative and functional genomics in plants. Nucleic Acids Research, 50(D1), D1468–D1474. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1024

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